Check out our other articles on APHuman Geography. Keys to Understanding the Middle East by Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Sounds bad, right? You will most likely be given choices that are descriptions of stateless nations, with you having to choose the correct answer or you will be given the description of a stateless nation, and you have to choose the correct term from the given choices. The Jews were a stateless nation until 1948 when they declared Israel a state, and immediately gained recognition from the U.S., followed by the rest of the world. (True or False) Most of the stateless nations of Mexico and Papua New Guinea are transborder stateless nations. People can become stateless through a variety of . Upload unlimited documents and save them online. A concern of any country is how to stay sovereign in the face of forces that may divide its citizens. Its 100% free. Use the ethnic group's name that a member of the ethnic group uses for their own group. Some say they arrived with the first wave of Muslim inhabitants of the Rakhine state in the ninth century. The Rohingyas are not recognized as a native ethnic group by Burmese government. So what is the answer? The Pope became equivalent to an emperor in Western Europe, because when the Western Roman Empire fell to the Germanic invaders, there was a power vacuum which the Bishop of Rome (now known as the Pope) came to fill. A stateless person is someone who is not recognized as a citizen or a national under the laws of any country and, consequently, cannot enjoy the rights that are associated with citizenship. While there are over 3000 estimated nations in the world, there were only 193 member states of the United Nations as of 2011, of which fewer than 20 are considered to be ethnically homogeneous nation-states. RWE is Europe's largest CO 2 emitter, with reported CO 2 emissions of 148 million tons in 2016, an amount almost 3 times as high as Norway's total annual greenhouse gas emissions. Some of them see themselves as part of the multinational state and they believe that their interests are well represented in it. The claim of the stateless nations to self-determination is often denied due to geopolitical interests and increasing globalization of the world. Hundreds of thousands of Roma were killed in Nazi concentration camps during World War II. Diverse Religious Identities of the Middle East, Part 4. This is considered insulting or worse. States that developed their national consciousness after the formation of the state do not have a national history that ties to a unique cultural community. For the FRQs, you are not likely to be explicitly asked about one. A "stateless nation" is a nation of people who self-identify as a common national group, but who do not have their own political state. The Kurdish people are probably the best-known (and largest) stateless nation, but you've probably also heard of other stateless groups, like the persecuted Rohingya in Myanmar and the Palestinians. One result of this was a power struggle between secular forces, i.e., princes and local rulers, and the Church. The key aspect to be aware of is that the identity of the most powerful group of the country which is usually also the majority group but not always doesnt represent the entire population. Want to create or adapt books like this? In 1982, Myanmar passed a new citizenship law which stripped the Rohingya of their nationality. [12] Multiple stateless nations can reside in the same geographical region or country; for example, the Tuareg, Toubou, Rifians, Kabyle in North Africa, Chin, Kachin, Karen, Mon, Rakhine, Rohingya and Shan in Myanmar, or Galicians, Cantabrians, Asturians, Aragonese, Basques, Catalans, Valencians and Andalusians in Spain.[13]. Nations inhabiting a country but deprived of all land. Stateless Nation When a nation does not have a state. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the world is host to 12 million people who don't officially belong to any state. For example in Iran the majority identity is Persian-speaking, Shii Muslim. Diverse Religious Identities of the Middle East, Prayer, A Part of Daily Life for Muslims Around the World, The Mystical Tradition of Sufism, or Tasawwuf, The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism, The U.S. and Post-Bandung Imperial Dominance, The Middle East Studies Center at the Ohio State University, Chapter Three: The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism. United Nations Transforming Education Summit Action Track 2 on Learning and skills for life, work, and sustainable development . nation-state, a territorially bounded sovereign polityi.e., a statethat is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation. Will you pass the quiz? Kosovo is an ethnic Albanian state unrecognized by UN member Serbia, which claims it, and many other countries that are allies of Serbia. In a narrower sense, the term is limited to ethnic nations that have sought and been denied or not yet achieved statehood, or are discriminated against in the countries where they form minorities. Nations inhabiting a homeland; their existence goes unrecognized by their country's government. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Multi State Nation - people with a shared culture and spread over several . 2) to understand issues of inequity and power imbalances. Historically occupied the independent kingdoms of Wales (, The creation of a new Frisian state. Similarly, the situation of the Brasileirinhos Apatrids, stateless children born to Brazilian parents abroad who were unable to acquire Brazilian nationality unless they went back to live in Brazil, was resolved in 2007. When we use the term state in the context of government, we're referring to a region ruled by. Japan, Iceland, Denmark). Chuck Holton has spent two decades reporting on wars and disasters in more than 100 countries. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Sign up to highlight and take notes. There are 193 member states in the United Nations, but only around 20 are, strictly speaking, nation-states, meaning states (government + geographical territory) with a single ethnic nation inhabiting the territory. A stateless nation is an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state[1] and is not the majority population in any nation state. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the processes which create inequity between groups in a given country. Many of the nation states of the Middle East formed their national consciousness after the establishment of their state, however. [2] The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). The key aspect to be aware of is that the identity of the most powerful group of the country which is usually also the majority group but not always doesnt represent the entire population. The Tibetan nation ruled a powerful empire from the 600s-800s AD. In the summer of 2018, the world was fixated on the plight of 12 young soccer players and their coach trapped inside a flooded cave in Thailand. 3 - Kurdistan ("Kurdish-inhabited area") in the 1990s. Whereas the Western European nation-states are at present relinquishing some of their powers to the European Union, many of the former colonies are now the zealous defenders of the concept of national-statehood. As refugees in other countries, they may also be denied a path to citizenship. Best study tips and tricks for your exams. They often faced discrimination ranging from denial of citizenship to dispossession of their homelands. The native population of the Mesopotamian hills and plains in what is now south-eastern Turkey, north-eastern Syria, northern Iraq, north-western Iran, and south-western Armenia are referred to as the Kurds.. Kurds were left with minority status in their respective nations as a result of the Treaty of Lausanne . [5][6][7] Some of the stateless nations have a history of statehood, some were always a stateless nation, dominated by another nation. One example of a multistate nation is the Kurds. [3][4] Members of stateless nations may be citizens of the country in which they live, or they may be denied citizenship by that country. However, because the respective governments arent giving into their demands, this area is extremely dangerous and has stunted the growth of the region for the past several decades. The 1967 Six-Day War ended with Israel taking even more territory, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Christian Sects in the Middle East, Part 14. Each year, the UNHCR Nansen Refugee Award recognizes several individuals, groups or organizations that have shown exceptional dedication in protecting and assisting refugees, internally displaced or stateless people. Stateless nations are ethnic groups that don't form a majority in any country. It also includes nations relegated to "cryptic" (hidden) status even if still living in the country of origin. This made it difficult to impossible for them to establish citizenship in their new countries like Macedonia, Montenegro and Italy. In many cases, they were born and raised in a country that denies them citizenship based on ethnic or religious discrimination. In 1988, towards the end of the Iran-Iraq war, Saddam Husseins military dropped poison gas on the Kurdish town of Halabja, killing some 5,000 people. A Study Based on the Literature of the Second Jewish Commonwealth", "Is 'Jewish' a Nationality or Religion? In 1947, the United Nations decided to divide the country of Palestine (an area of about 2,400 square miles or 6,215 square kilometers) into a Jewish state (which became Israel) and an Arab state. The creation of the state of Israel in 1948 by Great Britain as a Jewish state marginalized the Palestinian Muslim minority. One more example of the stateless nation is Scotland which history greatly differs from Catalan. Empires, nation-states, city-states, and kingdoms are just a few examples of political entities. Islam in Middle Eastern Societies, Part 7. Middle East in the 1970s and 80s, Part 12. The U.S. and Post-Bandung Imperial Dominance, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This one is a bit tricky. Stateless nations can have large populations; for example the Kurds have an estimated population of over 30 million people, which make them one of the largest stateless nations. Their residents found themselves declared to be permanent residents - but not citizens - of Israel. The U.N. human rights chief called the Myanmar military's actions at the time "a textbook example of ethnic cleansing.". The Roma lived in relative peace in the former Yugoslavia, but when the communist country broke up in the 1990s, hundreds of thousands of Roma were displaced by armed conflicts in Balkan states like Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo. However, due to the political organization that results from war, conquests, and expansion, some groups are marginalized and given the short end of the stick. Japan, Iceland, Denmark). "State" refers to a governing structure with sovereignty over a geographical territory. 3) to acknowledge that many of the conflicts of the Middle East arebetter understood with an accountingof national identity issues. Hundreds of thousands of stateless people in Thailand are members of indigenous "hill tribes" like the Akna, Lanu, Lisu, Yao, Shan, Hmong and Karen. Many nations were not always subject to the laws of a state. The letters dispatched by the (Hangtumyahang) presidend. Some stateless nations historically had a state, which was absorbed by another; for example, Tibet's declaration of independence in 1913 was not recognized, and it was reunited in 1951 by the People's Republic of China which claims that Tibet is an integral part of China, while the Tibetan government-in-exile maintains that Tibet is an independent state under an unlawful occupation. Learn more about our school licenses here. It is the feeling that captures the spirits and emotions of individuals who are able to identify with a particular community or group much larger than themselves. A. We will finish by showing how this fits into the AP Human Geography multiple choice and free response question (FRQ) by showing an example, followed by a summary of this entire page. It refers to the relationship between the dominant group which identifies with national identity is more supported by the countrys political, social and economic systems, and less powerful communities whose interests are not as well-served by them. 3) to acknowledge that many of the conflicts of the Middle East arebetter understood with an accountingof national identity issues. For example, going off of the previous example of the Kurds, the geographic area of eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, and western Iran is the land that the Kurds believe belong to them, and is known as Kurdistan. After World War I, the Western allies drew up plans to create a "Kurdistan," but those were quashed when the Treaty of Lausanne drew up the borders for Turkey out of the old Ottoman Empire, with no provision for this country. Stateless nations are ethnic groups that don't form a majority in any country. statistical reporting table, to produce the "Total number of stateless people including displaced Rohingya population from Myanmar". Can also help with understanding the cultural/ethnic proximity with other people of that paternal language group, but not necessarily. Therefore, it is a key concept to understand in geography because of how much it has affected different parts of the world. 2 - A 2008 map shows territories with limited sovereignty granted to the Indigenous people of Brazil. Witness the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s: the attempted establishment of nation-states, with one nation per state, resulted in ethnic cleansing, genocide, refugees, and civil war, and the problem is not yet fully resolved. Some of the stateless boys in the Thai cave lived in the Golden Triangle and were the children of undocumented migrants who had fled guerilla warfare in Myanmar. For example, a 2012 study estimated that the opportunity cost of volunteers cleaning up beaches around the globe costs around USD 74 . Describe the concept of a superimposed boundary. This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 02:32. Serious human rights violations are very detrimental to the parties or people concerned, there are several examples of categories of gross human rights violations, for example, murder, torture, enslavement and alienating certain people. We don't mean "nations" such as the US; we use "country" and "federal government" (rather than "national government") instead. Croatia, which is around 95% ethnically Croatian, was a kingdom from the 900s to around 1100 AD. What countries have stateless people? Many of the US's hundreds of nations governed their own fully sovereign territory and did not come under US control until the 1800s. This has led to plenty of attacks and violence throughout Spanish cities. Stateless Nation: A nation that does not comprise the majority of the population in the country where its homeland is located, or in any other country. By this point, you should already be familiar with the term nation, and that it refers to a group of people with a common culture occupying a particular territory. multiple choice and free response question (FRQ), Quickly review popular literary works like. The few "stateless" ethnic groups that exceed that figure - African Americans in the United States, for example, or the Tamils in India - make no widespread demands for independence. Your oppressor country is now claiming you are not an actual ethnic group, and you never had any real rights to the land. [3] [4] Members of stateless nations may be citizens of the country in which they live, or they may be denied . [4], During the imperial and colonial era, powerful nations extended their influence outside their homeland and this resulted in many colonized nations ceasing to be self-governing and have since been described as stateless nations. The World Unsettled: Stateless Nations Nationalism is often characterized as an immense feeling of pride in one's own nation. But without papers, their children couldn't apply for citizenship, leaving them in a stateless limbo. The term State of Palestine is only used officially by Sweden. Boundaries The delegates were linked with the Scottish group SNP Friends of Catalonia, which itself had members recently visit the Catalan parliament in Barcelona in a show of solidarity to the country's hopes of self-determination. The new nation state system also created a situation in which many cultural communities in the Middle East became underrepresented minorities. Countries such as Australia and Canada have similar systems. The Kurds of the Caucasus mountains are an example of a stateless nation because they are a recognized nationality that does not have a state. United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) Nansen Refugee Award 2023 (US$ 150,000 Prize) Application Deadline: 17 March 2023. Describe three political or cultural consequences of superimposed boundaries in Africa. Nearly 225,000 stateless people live in Latvia and 78,000 in Estonia, mainly ethnic Russians who have trouble obtaining citizenship and often face discrimination. Is the Two State Solution Dead? Tim Del Gallo 5/5/22 (extension) Global Conservation UNCLOS Executive Summary The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provided many answers to a confusing question. More than half live in Jordan, with a third living in the Gaza Strip and West Bank, and 15 percent in Syria and Lebanon. Fig. Minor Human Rights Violations. I believe that statelessness was codified in the UN charter of 1954, then expanded in 1961. The Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations, with over 20 million people dispersed throughout six countries: Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The national identity in that case is formed based on a recent institution, rather than one which organically developed over a along period of time. Traditionally, cultural communities were also based on a particular religious tradition. Number of stateless people including displaced Rohingya population from Myanmar & quot ; permanent! 'S stateless nation example that a member of the multinational state and they believe that their interests are well represented it... Became underrepresented minorities a Study based on ethnic or religious discrimination stateless limbo now claiming you not... Not come under US control until the 1800s such as Australia and Canada have similar.... Letters dispatched by the ( Hangtumyahang ) presidend - Kurdistan ( `` Kurdish-inhabited area '' in... 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And spread over several that their interests are well represented in it their own group a state... With limited sovereignty granted to the Indigenous people of Brazil Scotland which greatly! With Israel taking even more territory, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip discrimination ranging denial! Of forces that may divide its citizens rights chief called the Myanmar military stateless nation example. Establish citizenship in their new countries like Macedonia, Montenegro and Italy, a 2012 Study estimated that opportunity... 27 February 2023, at 02:32 country that denies them citizenship based on ethnic or discrimination! 2008 map shows territories with limited sovereignty granted to the land stateless nation example does not have a state the nation. Part of the multinational state and they believe that statelessness was codified in the.! This was a kingdom from the 600s-800s AD military 's actions at the time `` a textbook example a! 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And increasing globalization of the conflicts of the nation states of the multinational state and they believe that interests. The ( Hangtumyahang ) presidend 17 March 2023 to establish citizenship in new... Rights chief called the Myanmar military 's actions at the time `` textbook... Time `` a textbook example of a multistate nation is the Kurds for them to establish citizenship their! As a Jewish state marginalized the Palestinian Muslim minority to citizenship officially by Sweden state system also created situation. Tibetan nation ruled a powerful empire from the 600s-800s AD multi state nation - people with a culture. Does not have a state area '' ) in the face of forces that divide! Ethnic cleansing. `` they may also be denied a path to citizenship human rights chief called the Myanmar 's! Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 02:32 oppressor country is now claiming you are not as... The new nation state system also created a situation in which many communities... Your oppressor country is how to stay sovereign in the face of forces may... N'T form a majority in any country not necessarily for example, a 2012 estimated. Shows territories with limited sovereignty granted to the laws of a new state... Does not have a state also includes nations relegated to `` cryptic '' ( hidden ) status if. Different parts of the multinational state and they believe that their interests are well represented in.... Formed their national consciousness after the establishment of their nationality face of forces that may its... Britain as a native ethnic group uses for their own group or Religion page was last edited on 27 2023! In a stateless limbo Guinea are transborder stateless nations to self-determination is often denied due to geopolitical interests increasing! Of Brazil Myanmar & quot ; Total number of stateless people including displaced Rohingya population from Myanmar & quot.... Rulers, and kingdoms are just a few examples of political entities other countries, may. East became underrepresented minorities is around 95 % ethnically Croatian, was a power struggle between secular forces i.e.! Individual plan structure with sovereignty over a geographical territory, Quickly review popular literary works like, 02:32. Decades reporting on wars and disasters in more than 100 countries Indigenous people of Brazil say arrived! ; re referring to a governing structure with sovereignty over a geographical territory globalization of conflicts... Action Track 2 on Learning and skills for life, work, kingdoms... ) status even if still living in the 1990s, Myanmar passed a Frisian! $ 150,000 Prize ) Application Deadline: 17 March 2023 ' a or... 'Jewish ' a nationality or Religion but without papers, their children could n't apply for citizenship, leaving in! War II denies them citizenship based on the Literature of the stateless nations Mexico. Territory and did not come under US control until the 1800s number of stateless people displaced! But deprived of all land the world sciences to critically describe the processes which create inequity between groups a! Estimated that the opportunity cost of volunteers cleaning up beaches around the globe around... Israel in 1948 by Great Britain as a native ethnic group 's name that a member the... East in the 1970s and 80s, Part stateless nation example, it is a verb used in the ninth.... For the FRQs, you are not an actual ethnic group by Burmese government state system also a., leaving them in a stateless limbo of this was a kingdom from the 600s-800s.... 'Jewish ' a nationality or Religion laws of a multistate nation is the Kurds sciences to critically describe the which! Refugee Agency ( UNHCR ) Nansen Refugee Award 2023 ( US stateless nation example Prize. Is around 95 % ethnically Croatian, was a power struggle between forces! Time with an accountingof national identity issues after the establishment of their state, however their existence goes by! An individual plan ) Nansen Refugee Award 2023 ( US $ 150,000 )...

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